The New Liability of Origin in Global Decoupling
提出地缘政治冲突导致中国企业在西方面临一种新的来源地劣势，其规模和复杂性前所未有，需要扩展来源地劣势的概念来涵盖这一新现象。
In the international business field, liabilities of origin (LOR) is a term used to describe disadvantages of emerging economy-multinational enterprises (EE-MNEs) associated with their national origins (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 2000; Marano, Tashman, & Kostova, 2017). Common sources of LOR include incapability of EE-MNEs due to less developed institutional and technological infrastructures in their home countries, and negative stereotypes about EE-MNEs’ countries of origin (Ramachandran & Pant, 2010). A new LOR resulting from geopolitical conflict between China and the West poses a significant challenge to Chinese firms conducting business in Western countries. Geopolitical and ideological rivalries are not new, nor are the impacts of geopolitical environments on international business. However, this new LOR among Chinese firms is unprecedented in scale and complexity, due to the extensive nature of Chinese investments and the heterogeneity of Chinese businesses in their sensitivity to national security in Western countries. LOR must be extended to encompass this new phenomenon.