Industry 4.0 in industrial districts: regional innovation policy for the Toy Valley district in Spain
研究西班牙玩具谷工业区如何通过集体行动推广工业4.0，基于访谈揭示地方自下而上的政策倡议如何帮助中小企业克服数字化障碍。
This study is focused on how Industry 4.0 is diffused within a Marshallian industrial district (MID) through collective action. It explains how MIDs adopt Industry 4.0 through collective initiatives for digitization, bypassing many barriers to change through the utilization of a collective project built upon a key feature of MIDs: cooperation. Results from interviews show a real living lab built upon a place-based bottom-up-oriented policy initiative co-designed by policymakers, collective actors and local firms, aimed at facilitating transition into Industry 4.0 in the Toy Valley district in the Valencia region of Spain. The results contribute to the emergent literature on district digitization.