Do Regional Trade Agreements Enhance International Tourism Flows? Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis
利用1995-2015年163个目的地国和171个来源国的面板引力数据，发现各类区域贸易协定（包括优惠贸易协定、自由贸易区、关税同盟和共同市场）均显著促进双边旅游流动，且综合效应在分区域评估中依然稳健。
This study investigates the effect of regional trade agreements (RTAs)—including preferential and free trade agreements, customs unions, and common markets—on bilateral tourism flows. We explore these effects using a panel gravity data set of 163 destination countries, 171 source countries, and 13,589 country-pairs from 1995 to 2015. This is the first large cross-country study to undertake such an integrated analysis using the gravity framework. Results show that all types of RTAs have a positive and significant effect on bilateral tourism flows. The overall indicator of RTAs that captures the combined effect of all types of RTAs on bilateral tourism flows is also positive and significant, on average, as well as when different regions are separately evaluated. These findings underscore the importance of strong economic integration in fostering international tourism flows. Policies aimed at improving a country’s economic integration with other countries can help promote international tourism flows.