Trade openness and income inequality: New empirical evidence
研究了1970-2014年139个国家的数据，发现贸易开放对收入不平等的影响因国家而异：在新兴和发展中经济体中，贸易开放使最贫困人口受益，但在多数发达经济体中却加剧了不平等。
Abstract We examine how trade openness influences income inequality within countries. The sample includes 139 countries over the period 1970–2014. We employ predicted openness as instrument to deal with the endogeneity of trade openness. The effect of trade openness on income inequality differs across countries. Trade openness tends to disproportionately benefit the relative income shares of the very poor, but not necessarily all poor, in emerging and developing economies. In most advanced economies, trade openness increased income inequality, an effect that is driven by outliers. Our results suggest a strong effect of trade openness on inequality in China and transition countries.