Neighborhoods Matter: Assessing the Evidence for Place Effects
这篇论文总结了近几十年来关于居住社区如何影响个人行为和长期结果的研究，发现童年社区对经济和教育有显著影响，而成年社区主要影响健康与福祉，对劳动力市场影响不明确。
How does one's place of residence affect individual behavior and long-run outcomes? Understanding neighborhood and place effects has been a leading question for social scientists during the past half-century. Recent empirical studies using experimental and quasi-experimental research designs have generated new insights on the importance of residential neighborhoods in childhood and adulthood. This paper summarizes the recent neighborhood effects literature and interprets the findings. Childhood neighborhoods affect long-run economic and educational outcomes in a manner consistent with exposure models of neighborhood effects. For adults, neighborhood environments matter for their health and well-being but have more ambiguous impacts on labor market outcomes. We discuss the evidence on the mechanisms behind the observed patterns and conclude by highlighting directions for future research.