On the relevance of Knight, Keynes and Shackle for unawareness research
探讨奈特和凯恩斯的不确定性概念如何被理解为一种无意识状态，即行为人缺乏对未来可能状态的完全知识，并比较了奈特、凯恩斯和沙克尔的思想与当代无意识研究的相似之处，旨在促进后凯恩斯主义与主流经济学的对话。
Abstract This paper is dedicated to the interpretation of Knightian and Keynesian uncertainty as a situation of unawareness in which agents lack perfect knowledge of possible future states (not just of probabilities assigned to those states). So far, a systematic and nuanced debate of unawareness with relation to Knight’s and Keynes’ legacy has been largely neglected. The paper aims to fill this gap. It discusses in detail how Knight’s, Keynes’ and also Shackle’s ideas about the state space, surprises and ignorance are echoed (but often unacknowledged) in contemporary unawareness research. Parallel reading of these two streams of the literature reveals strong commonalities in argumentation, suggesting that the topic of unawareness could facilitate the dialogue between Post-Keynesians and mainstream economics. The paper concludes with a list of research questions relevant to the development of such a dialogue.