Washington Consensus in Latin America: From Raw Model to Straw Man
回顾拉丁美洲政策与华盛顿共识三十年的爱恨关系，基于巴西、智利和墨西哥的案例，评估实施效果，发现宏观经济稳定改善但增长不均，并讨论改革倒退风险。
We take stock of three decades of a love–hate relationship between Latin American policies and the Washington Consensus, reviewing its implementation, national debate, and outcomes. Using regional data and case studies of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, we discuss the various degrees of the Washington Consensus implementation and evaluate performance. We find mixed results: macroeconomic stability is much improved, but economic growth has been heterogeneous and generally disappointing, despite improvement relative to the 1980s. We discuss the risk that the region could revert parts of the Washington Consensus reforms, which are necessary building blocks for a new agenda more focused on social integration, a fairer and just society, and environmentally sustainable growth based on better education.