Firm heterogeneity, variable markups, and multinational production: A review from trade policy perspective
综述了2000年代初以来异质性企业贸易政策文献的主要内容和成果，涵盖企业异质性、企业层面加成率及跨国生产的典型事实，并讨论了相关理论模型、贸易政策含义及未来研究方向。
Abstract This paper surveys the main ingredients and results of heterogeneous firms trade policy literature that has been developing since the early 2000s. First, I present the stylized facts regarding firm heterogeneity, firm‐level markups, and multinational production's (MP) global structure. I then survey the trade policy papers that build on the workhorse model of firm heterogeneity. Third, I summarize the recent development of theoretical approaches of modeling the firm‐level markups and its trade policy implication. Fourth, I discuss the theoretical frameworks that incorporate MP into heterogeneous firms' framework and their trade policy implication. Finally, I discuss directions for future research and offer suggestions for further readings.