Technological Change and Domestic Outsourcing
利用法国2000年代宽带互联网的逐步推广，研究技术变革如何推动国内外包增长，发现宽带提高了企业生产率和对高技能工人的需求，并促使企业将非核心职业外包，导致企业内职业构成更趋同质化，且高技能工人从外包中获益而低技能工人受损。
Domestic outsourcing has grown substantially in developed countries over the past two decades. This paper addresses the question of the technological drivers of this phenomenon by studying the impact of the staggered diffusion of broadband internet in France during the 2000s. Our results confirm that broadband technology increases firm productivity and the relative demand for high-skill workers. Further, we show that broadband internet led firms to outsource some non-core occupations to service contractors, both in the low and high-skill segments. In both cases, we find that employment related to these occupations became increasingly concentrated in firms specializing in these activities, and was less likely to be performed in-house within firms specialized in other activities. As a result, after the arrival of broadband internet, establishments become increasingly homogeneous in their occupational composition. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that high-skill workers experience salary gains from being outsourced, while low-skill workers lose out.