Culture values and entrepreneurial innovativeness: A comparative study of Malaysian ethnic entrepreneurs
基于450家马来西亚中小企业调查数据，比较分析了霍夫斯泰德六种文化价值观对华裔、印度裔和马来裔企业家创新性的影响，发现放纵、集体主义和低权力距离有正向作用，而长期导向、男性气质和低不确定性规避的影响因族裔而异。
Countries are often characterized with a diverse set of subcultures, exerting different impacts on innovation among different ethnic groups. This article comparatively analyzes how national culture, as measured by Hofstede's six cultural values, influences the entrepreneurial innovativeness (EI) of three Malaysian ethnic firms (Malaysian Chinese, Indian, and Malays). Based on a systematic investigation of survey data of 450 small to medium-sized firms (SMEs), we find positive influences of indulgence, collectivism, and low power distance on EI among the three ethnic entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Our study also finds that three other cultural values have a differential impact on Malaysia’s ethnic groups. While long-term orientation exerts a significant impact on Malaysian Chinese, masculinity and low uncertainty avoidance have significant but (surprisingly) opposite impacts on the three ethnic entrepreneurs. These similar and different impacts of cultural values on EI among different ethnic groups generates significant theoretical and practical implications.