A Helicopter Tour of Some Underlying Issues in Empirical Industrial Organization
这篇综述梳理了市场实证研究中的基础概念问题，涵盖零售市场需求与均衡、逆向选择与道德风险市场、垂直市场谈判、生产函数估计中的同时性与选择问题，以及市场动态分析的复杂性。适合产业组织学者快速把握实证研究的关键议题。
This review considers conceptual issues underlying empirical work on markets. It is divided in three parts. The first part reviews the analysis of demand and equilibrium in retail markets and then considers recent advances in the analysis of markets that require different assumptions: markets where adverse selection and moral hazard may be important, vertical markets with bargaining, and markets wherein a centralized allocation mechanism replaces prices. The second part considers the analysis of cost and production. It reviews the simultaneity and selection issues in production function estimation and then considers the distinction between revenue- and quantity-generating functions and its implications for the analysis of markups, as well as the empirical analysis of fixed costs and its implications for the analysis of product repositioning. The review concludes by considering issues that arise due to the complexity of the empirical analysis of market dynamics and appropriate ways of dealing with them.