Washington Consensus Reforms and Lessons for Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
研究了撒哈拉以南非洲国家实施华盛顿共识改革（私有化、财政纪律、贸易开放）对经济表现的影响，发现改革国在2000年后人均GDP增长显著提升，并指出结合扶贫政策是成功关键。
Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms termed “Washington Consensus” policies were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and the effects of these policies on socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus on three key ubiquitous reform policies around privatization, fiscal discipline, and trade openness and document significant improvements in economic performance for reformers over the past two decades. Following initial declines in per capita economic growth over the 1980s and 1990s, reform adopters experienced notable increases in per capita real GDP growth in the post-2000 period. We complement aggregate analysis with four country case studies that highlight important lessons for effective reform. Notably, the ability to implement pro-poor policies alongside market-oriented reforms played a central role in successful policy performance.