Equality of opportunity and the expansion of higher education in the UK
利用英国Understanding Society九波数据，研究高等教育扩张对收入、身心健康不平等的影响，发现扩张未显著改变收入机会不均等，仅小幅改善健康机会不均等。
Abstract Using nine waves of data from Understanding Society (UKHLS) , we study the expansion of higher education in the UK and its consequences for levels of and inequalities in income, physical and mental health. University expansion was characterized by a large increase in the proportion of graduates, with higher rates of graduation among individuals from more advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Having controlled for birth cohort and lifecycle effects, there is evidence of significant inequality of opportunity (IOp) in the actual outcomes. However, comparing actual outcomes with counterfactual projections, that freeze the likelihood of university graduation and the joint distribution of graduation and circumstances to the pre‐1963 levels, we do not detect an impact of the expansion of higher education on IOp in income and only small reductions in IOp in physical and mental health.