An Analysis of the Stability of Hinterland Container Transport Cooperation
研究了腹地集装箱运输运营商在共享运力和需求时的合作稳定性，发现运力过剩会削弱合作稳定性，仅在有限条件下才可能维持稳定合作。
We study cooperation among hinterland container transport operators that may share transport capacity and demand in corridors between inland and sea ports. We model this transportation problem as a minimum cost flow problem and assume that operators share the total cost based on a bargaining outcome, which has been proven equivalent to the Shapley value. To examine the stability of such cooperation, we perform a sensitivity analysis of the membership of the Shapley value (the bargaining outcome) to the core (the set of stable outcomes) by leveraging a novel concept of parametric cooperative games. We obtain closed-form solutions for identical players that explicitly characterize the impact of overcapacity on the stability of cooperation. For more general cases, we develop a computational approach based on parametric optimization techniques. The numerical results indicate that our primary analytical result, that is, that overcapacity undermines stability, is generally valid, and that overcapacitated networks may permit stable cooperation in only a limited range of settings.