Natural Resource Dependence and Monopolized Imports
研究发现，大宗商品出口强度越高的国家，其进口市场越集中，导致国内价格上升，关税、非关税措施和逃税是市场集中的机制，揭示了资源诅咒的新渠道。
Abstract Countries with greater commodity export intensity have more concentrated markets for imported goods. Import market concentration is associated with higher domestic prices, suggesting that markups due to greater concentration outweigh any potential cost efficiency. Tariffs, non-tariff measures, and tariff evasion are mechanisms that concentrate import markets. These results suggest a novel channel for the resource curse stemming from the monopolization of imports.