Pigovian Transport Pricing in Practice
在瑞士城市群开展8周实地实验，实施随时间、空间和交通方式变化的庇古定价，发现该定价显著降低交通外部成本，主要机制是从驾车转向公共交通、步行和骑行，而仅提供信息不足以改变行为。
Abstract We implement Pigovian transport pricing in a field experiment in urban agglomerations of Switzerland over the course of 8 weeks. Our pricing considers the external costs from climate damages, health outcomes from pollution, accidents and physical activity, and congestion. It varies across time, space and mode of transport and is deducted from a budget provided to GPS-tracked participants. The treatment significantly reduces the external costs of transport during the course of the experiment. The main underlying mechanism is a shift away from driving towards other modes, such as public transport, walking and cycling. Providing information about the external costs of transport alone is insufficient to change the transport behavior for the sample majority. A time-invariant tax on CO2 and health-related externalities would capture most of the welfare gains associated with the first-best policy.