Health, Longevity, and Welfare Inequality of Older Americans
利用预期效用框架，估计美国老年人在消费、休闲、健康和死亡率方面的福利分布，发现福利差距大且随时间扩大，健康比收入更能反映福利地位。
Abstract We estimate the distribution of well-being among the older U.S. population using an expected utility framework that incorporates differences in consumption, leisure, health, and mortality. We find large disparities in welfare that have increased over time. Incorporating the cost of living with poor health into elderly welfare substantially increases the overall inequality. Disparity measures based on cross-sectional income or consumption underestimate the growth in aggregate welfare inequality. Moreover, health is a better indicator of an individual's relative welfare position than income or consumption.