Voting Up? The Effects of Democracy and Franchise Extension on Human Stature
研究了19世纪中期以来15个欧洲国家民主化对男性平均身高的影响，发现民主转型使身高增加约0.7厘米，女性选举权扩展后效果增至1厘米，机制包括减少不平等和增加社会健康支出。
We study the effect of the spread of democracy on population health in 15 European countries since the middle of the 19th century, and more specifically the average height of adult males by five‐year birth cohort, and we estimate the effect of transitions to democracy using within‐country variation. We find that the advent of democracy increased average height by about 0.7 cm. When we also account for the extension of the franchise to women, this increases to 1 cm or about 9% of the total increase in height of birth cohorts from the 1870s to the 1970s. Intervening mechanisms include reduced inequality and increased expenditure on social and health services. Our results are robust to a wide range of econometric tests.