Is there a consensus on the health consequences of retirement? A literature review
这篇文献综述梳理了退休对健康影响的因果证据，发现退休改善自评健康、减少抑郁和医疗消费，但损害认知，对身体健康影响模糊；延迟退休不影响死亡率但减少医疗消费，提前退休研究较少且存在性别和职业差异。
Abstract We investigate the causal effect of retirement on health through literature. We explore the potential mechanisms which explain three effects: the switch from employment to retirement, later retirement, and earlier retirement. The empirical strategies used to identify the causal effects are mainly based on the observation of changes in health status at the legal age for retirement entitlement or on reforms that have led to changes in retirement incentives. Literature renders possible to make several observations on the average effect estimation. Retirement leads to better self‐reported health, less depression, a decrease in healthcare consumption, a decline in cognition and an ambiguous effect on physical health. Later retirement has no effect on mortality, decreases healthcare consumption, and has a negative or non‐significant impact on self‐reported health. Studies on the impact of earlier retirement are scarce due to few natural experiments exploiting such a variation. Lastly, some studies find evidence of heterogeneous effects by gender and occupational status. As there are relatively few studies on this aspect, the question should be seriously explored in future research.