Self-Efficacy in Disrupted Environments: COVID-19 as a Natural Experiment
通过新冠疫情封锁作为自然实验和在线情境实验，研究发现当外部环境不确定性增加时，自我效能对创业意愿的预测作用减弱，尤其对悲观者影响更大。
In two studies, we investigate whether the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions depends on outcome expectations. In Study 1, we exploit the COVID-19-induced lockdown as a natural experiment in a two-wave student sample. We compare the efficacy–intention link in survey responses submitted right before and right after the lockdown. In Study 2, we conceptually replicate and extend the findings via an online vignette experiment. Together, these studies show that a disruption of stable institutionalized outcome expectations implying increasing risk and uncertainty makes self-efficacy a weaker predictor of entrepreneurial intentions, particularly among those with pessimistic perceptions.