Price change synchronization within and between firms
研究挪威产品和企业层面的价格刚性，发现企业内部价格变化高度同步，支持菜单成本的范围经济理论；行业同步效应较小，表明企业可能拥有垄断力量或调整成本高于响应竞争对手的收益。
This paper provides evidence on price rigidity at the product- and firm-level in Norway. A strong within-firm synchronization is found supporting the theory of economies of scope in menu costs. The industry synchronization effects are found to be small suggesting that firms either have some monopoly power, or that a firm’s costs of changing their own prices may be larger than the benefit of responding to their competitors’ price changes. These findings have potentially important implications for the micro-foundations of macroeconomic models, and thus the policy advice derived from such models.