Sorting or Steering: The Effects of Housing Discrimination on Neighborhood Choice
利用HUD住房歧视研究和28个美国城市的社区数据，发现少数族裔被引导至经济机会少、犯罪和污染多的社区，这种歧视性引导可解释美国少数族裔家庭在高贫困社区的比例过高以及非裔母亲更多暴露于有毒污染物。
Growing evidence indicates that neighborhoods affect human capital accumulation, raising concern that the exclusionary effects of housing discrimination could contribute to persistent inequality in the United States. Using data from HUD’s most recent Housing Discrimination Study and microlevel data on neighborhood attributes in 28 US cities, we find that minorities are steered toward neighborhoods with less economic opportunity and greater exposures to crime and pollution. Holding preferences and income constant, discriminatory steering alone can explain a disproportionate number of minority households found in high-poverty neighborhoods in the United States and the higher exposure of African American mothers to toxic pollutants.