Mobility for All: Representative Intergenerational Mobility Estimates over the Twentieth Century
利用美国出生人口的代表性样本，估算了1910至1970年代代际相对流动性的长期趋势，发现流动性在1910至1940年代出生队列间上升，其中黑白收入差距的缩小解释了约一半的增长，且排除黑人（尤其是女性）会高估流动性水平并低估其增长。
We estimate long-run trends in intergenerational relative mobility for representative samples of the US-born population. Harmonizing all surveys that include father’s occupation and own family income, we develop a mobility measure that allows for the inclusion of nonwhite individuals and women for the 1910s–1970s birth cohorts. We show that mobility increases between the 1910s and 1940s cohorts and that the decline of Black-white income gaps explains about half of this rise. We also find that excluding Black Americans, particularly women, considerably overstates the level of mobility for twentieth-century birth cohorts while simultaneously understating its increase between the 1910s and 1940s.