Entrepreneurs as Scientists: A Pragmatist Approach to Producing Value Out of Uncertainty
基于实用主义，将企业家视为科学家，通过形成信念、测试信念并回应反馈来行动，同时应对产品市场匹配、反馈有效性和过度拟合等疑虑，解释了企业家如何从不确定性中创造价值。
Building on pragmatism, we advance an entrepreneur-as-scientist perspective and depict entrepreneurs as engaging in causally inferential action by forming beliefs, testing these beliefs, and responding to the feedback received. However, this sequence of entrepreneurial actions arrives with a set of companion doubts, namely doubt about product-market fit because the entrepreneurs’ beliefs are self-chosen, doubt about feedback validity from false positives or false negatives, and doubt about over- and underfitting in responses to feedback. We discuss the rationality of heuristics deployed by the entrepreneur to overcome these doubts. Our insights contribute to the micro-foundations of entrepreneurial action and strategy by explaining how entrepreneurs generate the information to produce value out of uncertainty.