Using inferred valuation to quantify survey and social desirability bias in stated preference research
提出一种方法，通过询问受访者自身投票意向、对同伴投票的预测以及对地区居民投票的预测，来区分社会期望偏差与其他调查偏差，并应用于濒危物种保护的陈述偏好调查。
Abstract Stated preference methods remain the only means capable of estimating non‐use values yet can suffer from many types of well‐known biases. We construct an approach to identify the role of social desirability bias, relative to other potential survey biases, using a stated preference survey for improving the status of species at risk. The survey respondents were asked how they would vote, how they think their fellow survey participants would vote, as well as how they think people in their region would vote in an actual referendum. We find that willingness‐to‐pay estimates for public good (passive use) values differ across these vote question types. Our results demonstrate how stated preference practitioners can use multiple referent groups to help disentangle social desirability bias from other survey biases.