Exposure to cigarette taxes as a teenager and the persistence of smoking into adulthood
利用全国代表性数据，以14-17岁时的香烟税作为工具变量，发现阻止10名青少年吸烟大约可减少5名成年吸烟者，表明减少青少年吸烟对成年后吸烟有长期影响。
Are teenage and adult smoking causally related? Recent anti-tobacco policy is predicated on the assumption that preventing teenagers from smoking will ensure that fewer adults smoke, but direct evidence in support of this assumption is scant. Using data from three nationally representative sources and instrumenting for teenage smoking with cigarette taxes experienced at ages 14-17, we document a strong positive relationship between teenage and adult smoking: deterring 10 teenagers from smoking through raising cigarette taxes roughly translates into 5 fewer adult smokers. We conclude that efforts to reduce teenage smoking can have long-lasting consequences on smoking participation and, presumably, health.