The Fiscal Impacts of Wildfires on California Municipalities
利用1990-2015年加州市政财务数据和历史野火边界数据，发现野火增加市政收入和支出，销售税暂时上升，财产税永久性提高，长期增加社区发展和公共安全支出，整体财政影响为负且显著。
This paper provides some of the first empirical estimates of the impact of natural disasters on the subcomponents of municipal budgets. We combine detailed municipal financial data from 1990 to 2015 with data on historical wildfire perimeters in California. We find that wildfires increase both revenues and expenditures. Sales taxes temporarily increase. Property taxes increase to a permanently higher level; this appears due to a California law that limits reassessments of property until time of sale. Wildfires also cause a long-term increase in local spending on community development and public safety. The overall impact of wildfires on municipal budgets is negative and substantial. That said, in comparison to the spending by state and federal governments on wildfire suppression and response, municipalities are surprisingly insulated from the costs of wildfires.