Did the Colonial mita Cause a Population Collapse? What Current Surnames Reveal in Peru
利用2011年秘鲁选民登记数据，通过断点回归发现，西班牙殖民者于1573年引入的米塔制度导致原住民男性人口锐减，米塔地区姓氏数量比非米塔地区少47个对数点，且独有姓氏更少。
We present quantitative evidence that the mita introduced by the Spanish crown in 1573 caused the decimation of the native-born male population. The mass baptisms after the conquest of Peru in 1532 resulted in the assignation of surnames for the first time. We argue that past mortality displacement and mass out-migration were responsible for differences in the surnames observed in mita and non-mita districts today. Using a regression discontinuity and data from the Peruvian Electoral Roll of 2011, we find that mita districts have 47 log points fewer surnames than non-mita districts, and fewer surnames exclusive to one location.