Medical Worker Migration and Origin-Country Human Capital: Evidence from U.S. Visa Policy
利用美国护士签证政策变化，研究国际移民机会如何影响来源国（菲律宾）的人力资本：护理专业入学和毕业人数大幅增加，但护士质量下降，每移民一名护士，国内多出九名新持证护士。
Abstract We exploit changes in U.S. visa policies for nurses to measure the origin-country human capital response to international migration opportunities. Combining data on all migrant departures and postsecondary institutions in the Philippines, we show that nursing enrollment and graduation increased substantially in response to greater U.S. demand for nurses. The supply of nursing programs expanded. Nurse quality, measured by licensure exam pass rates, declined. Despite this, for each nurse migrant, nine additional nurses were licensed. New nurses switched from other degree types but graduated at higher rates than they would have otherwise, increasing the human capital stock in the Philippines.