Stringent immigration enforcement and responses of the immigrant‐intensive sector: Evidence from E‐Verify adoption in Arizona
用合成控制法研究亚利桑那州2008年《合法亚利桑那工人法案》对农业的影响，发现该法减少了农场工人数量，但农场通过减少劳动密集型作物生产来应对，工资未受影响，资本使用和利润却下降。
Abstract This article examines the impact of the 2008 Legal Arizona Workers Act on farm wage, production mix, farm capital use, and agricultural innovation using the synthetic control method. The findings indicate that the law significantly reduced farm worker population in Arizona. Farm wage is not affected by the decreased supply of farm labor because farms in Arizona reduced labor‐intensive crop production. The agricultural sector does not increase the use of farm capital and experiences a decrease in profits. Moreover, this study finds no impact on agricultural patents and research funding in Arizona.