More in Good Condition or Less in Bad Condition? Valence-Based Framing Effects in Environmental Valuation
研究离散选择实验中属性描述的效价框架（强调正面或负面信息）如何影响支付意愿估计，建议使用中性描述或测试不同框架以获得更稳健的福利证据。
This study addresses an important gap in the stated preference literature concerning valence-based framing of discrete choice experiment attributes. Valence-based framing arises when equivalent outcomes are presented in different ways by accentuating either the positive (e.g., more in good condition) or negative information (e.g., less in bad condition). We find that alternative framings produce different willingness-to-pay estimates, with implications for benefit-cost analysis. We recommend neutral attribute descriptions and otherwise testing for the effects of alternative framings to obtain more robust welfare evidence. We also show that the framing used does not affect the choice paradigm adopted by respondents.