Individual characteristics associated with risk and time preferences: A multi country representative survey
基于八个欧洲国家的代表性调查，分析了年龄、性别、收入等个体特征如何与风险厌恶、损失厌恶、时间贴现和现时偏差等偏好相关联。
Abstract This paper empirically analyzes how individual characteristics are associated with risk aversion, loss aversion, time discounting, and present bias. To this end, we conduct a large-scale demographically representative survey across eight European countries. We elicit preferences using incentivized multiple price lists and jointly estimate preference parameters to account for their structural dependencies. Our findings suggest that preferences are linked to a variety of individual characteristics such as age, gender, and income as well as some personal values. We also report evidence on the relationship between cognitive ability and preferences. Incentivization, stake size, and the order of presentation of binary choices matter, underlining the importance of controlling for these factors when eliciting economic preferences.