SMEs’ Open Innovation: Applying a Barrier Approach
通过七个案例研究，识别中小企业在不同开放式创新模式（内向、外向、耦合）中遇到的障碍，发现内部障碍多于外部障碍，且存在“部落综合征”现象。
This article identifies barriers that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter when they openly innovate, according to the open innovation (OI) mode used (inbound, outbound, coupled). A qualitative analysis—involving seven case studies of SMEs active in digital (high-tech) or social economy (low-tech) sectors—reveals that they face more internal than external OI barriers. Overall, the nature of the barriers does not vary across OI modes, but their intensity does. With regard to external barriers, the results reveal a “tribe syndrome,” such that SMEs resist opening up to other firms that do not share the same values.