Firm-Level Upgrading in Developing Countries
综述了发展中国家企业升级的微观实证研究，探讨了学习、质量提升、技术采纳和产品创新的定义与测量，并分析了产出、投入和知识驱动因素，适合关注企业升级与经济发展的研究者。
In principle, firms in developing countries benefit from the fact that advanced technologies and products have already been developed in industrialized countries and can simply be adopted, a process often referred to as industrial upgrading. But for many firms this advantage remains elusive. What is getting in the way? This paper reviews recent firm-level empirical research on the determinants of upgrading in developing countries. The first part focuses on how to define and measure various dimensions of upgrading—learning, quality upgrading, technology adoption, and product innovation. The second part takes stock of recent evidence on the drivers of upgrading, classifying them as output-side drivers, input-side drivers, or drivers of know-how. I conclude with some thoughts about promising directions for research in the area.