Inferring inequality: Testing for median-preserving spreads in ordinal data
针对序数变量的中位数保持扩展排序，设计了统计检验来判断一个分布是否比另一个更不平等，并通过美国幸福不平等和欧洲自评健康两个应用展示方法。
.The median-preserving spread (MPS) ordering for ordinal variables has become ubiquitous in the inequality literature. We devise statistical tests of the hypothesis that a distribution G is not an MPS of a distribution F. Rejecting this hypothesis enables the conclusion that G is more unequal than F according to the MPS criterion. Monte Carlo simulations and novel graphical techniques show that a simple, asymptotic Z test is sufficient for most applications. We illustrate our tests with two applications: happiness inequality in the US and self-assessed health in Europe.