Does Overwork Attenuate the Motherhood Earnings Penalty among Full-Time Workers?
利用美国青年纵向调查数据，研究发现超时工作（每周50小时以上）能减轻白人母亲的收入惩罚，但控制人力资本和劳动供给后差异消失；对黑人母亲则影响很小。
This study examines whether working long hours alters the motherhood earnings penalty in the context of the United States. The author uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979–2014) to model the annual earnings penalty mothers incur per child in the United States. The results support that working long hours (50+ hours per week) reduces the negative effect of motherhood on earnings for white women. Once we control for human capital and labour supply, however, there is no difference in the effect of children on earnings between full-time workers and overworkers. For Black full-time workers and overworkers, having an additional child has little effect on earnings. The findings suggest that although overwork appears to attenuate the earnings penalty for white mothers, white mothers who work long hours exhibit a smaller penalty because they already have high levels of human capital and supply a great amount of labour.