Non-linear internationalization and the Uppsala model – On the importance of individuals
这篇概念性论文通过强调个体行为，探讨乌普萨拉模型能否解释企业的非线性国际化动态和间断性，区分资源承诺决策的过程与结果，认为间断性国际化过程虽罕见，但增量承诺过程可能导致颠覆性结果。
In this conceptual paper, we add to the discourse on the Uppsala model’s (in)ability to explain a firm’s internationalization through non-linear dynamics and discontinuities by highlighting individuals’ behaviors. We include (more) realistic assumptions about cognitive, emotional, and social triggers as well as biases that affect managers’ decision-making. Distinguishing between the process and outcome of resource commitment decisions, we conclude that, though discontinuous internationalization processes are rare, disruptive outcomes can occur through incremental commitment processes.