Learning in complex public systems: the case of MINUSMA’s intelligence organization
研究了复杂适应系统理论在联合国马里稳定团情报组织中的实际应用，发现结构属性不足会损害系统的学习能力，尤其需要在战略与操作需求融合的最低规范上改进。
Public systems are facing increasingly complex challenges such as poverty and terrorism. In this paper, we seek to demonstrate the theoretical as well as practical value of complexity science, by investigating how key characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) work out in practice within the intelligence organization of the ongoing nation-building mission in Mali (MINUSMA). Our main finding is that the learning properties of the CAS suffer when its structural properties are not sufficiently developed. In MINUSMA, major improvements can especially be made in (re)developing the minimum specs – in which strategic and operational demands, ideally, converge.