Economic freedom improves income mobility: evidence from Canadian provinces, 1982–2018
研究利用加拿大1982-2018年纵向数据，发现经济自由（以弗雷泽研究所北美经济自由指数衡量）与最低收入群体的收入流动性正相关，包括绝对收入增长、收入上升比例和平均分位流动，但对整体人口影响较弱。
Abstract Economic freedom is robustly associated with income growth, but does this association extend to the poorest in a society? In this paper, we employ Canada's longitudinal cohorts of income mobility between 1982 and 2018 to answer this question. We find that economic freedom, as measured by the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of North America (EFNA) index, is positively associated with multiple measures of income mobility for people in the lowest income deciles, including (a) absolute income gain; (b) the percentage of people with rising income; and (c) average decile mobility. For the overall population, economic freedom has weaker effects.