Can External Threats Foster a European Union Identity? Evidence from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
研究了2014年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰对欧盟成员国公民身份认同的影响，发现高威胁国家的欧盟认同显著且持续增强，并伴随对欧盟机构和共同政策的更高信任与支持。
Abstract Can external threats strengthen group identity? A growing body of research in economics emphasises the importance of cultural attributes such as identity for trust and cooperation. However, where these attributes come from is not well understood. This paper examines reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014, looking at European Union member states. Comparing low-threat to high-threat states in a difference-in-differences design, I find a sizeable and persistent positive effect on EU identity. It is associated with higher trust in EU institutions and support for common policies. Lower-level identities remain unaffected, and proximity to Russia and Russian minority size are driving high-threat status.