The role of firm-level and country-level antecedents in explaining emerging versus advanced economy multinationals' R&D internationalization strategies
研究了企业和国家层面因素如何影响新兴与发达经济体跨国公司的研发国际化战略，发现企业技术地位解释母国利用策略差异，而国家制度环境更影响母国增强策略。
We examined firm-level and country-level antecedents of R&D internationalization strategies, focusing on differences between enterprises in emerging and advanced economies. Previous research often focuses on the relative importance of home-base-exploiting versus home-base-augmenting knowledge transfer strategies. We suggest that country-level and firm-level effects differ for the two strategies, and hence, we examined each strategy independently. Collecting data in China, India, the United States, and Germany, we demonstrated that firms' relative technological position as a firm-level characteristic can explain differences in home-base-exploiting strategies between emerging and advanced economies. In contrast, home-base-augmenting is more closely related to exploratory institutional environments, a country-level factor. Thus, either firm- or country-level antecedents can gain a dominant role, depending on the strategy implemented.