Industrial waste, green taxes and environmental policies in a regional perspective
研究了1999-2017年西班牙地区环境税收与政策对减少工业废弃物的效果，发现税收直接效果有限但间接有效，且多数地区尚未达到废弃物库兹涅茨曲线拐点。
This paper analyses the effectiveness of regional governments’ environmental taxes and policies in reducing industrial waste. We propose a spatial and dynamic model for the Spanish regions during the period 1999–2017. The results suggest that there are spatial and dynamic components in the generation of industrial waste; and that the specific environmental tax policy applied to industrial waste is not very effective, although the induced effect of these taxes and other environmental policies reduces the waste generation. Our model also suggests a relative decoupling between growth and waste, although many regions are still far from the waste Kuznets curve (WKC) turning point.