On the use of {open_quotes}adders{close_quotes} by public utility commissions
研究了美国州公共事业委员会在电力规划中使用“附加费”来量化污染损害成本的做法，指出该做法未将损害成本纳入电价，可能导致次优结果。
State public utility commissions are developing programs to reduce emissions from electric generation facilities. Programs call for minimizing the total cost of meeting future demands for power, where pollution damages are part of the total cost. In the process of choosing new generation sources, dirtier technologies are handicapped relative to cleaner technologies through the use of {open_quotes}adders{close_quotes} which are meant to measure damages. However, the damage costs are left at the planning stage; they are not included in electricity rates. This practice coupled with standard rate setting procedures may lead to inferior outcomes. 13 refs., 1 fig.