An exploration of citizens' professionalism in coproducing social care services
研究了公民作为非专业人士参与公共服务提供时，如何体现专业性的两个原则（专业知识和问责），以及业余性的影响。通过欧洲社会服务案例，发现公民共同生产者会形成一定专业身份，但回避问责，并引入业余元素。
Abstract Citizens' involvement in public service delivery challenges the principles of professionalism as such citizens are amateurs. However, there is little evidence of the (non)integration of these principles by citizen coproducers and how this affects professionalism in public service delivery. This article focuses on two principles of professionalism: expertise and accountability. The theoretical framework further reviews the coproduction literature on what can be expected of citizens with regard to these principles and elaborates on the concept of amateurism. The concepts of professionalism and amateurism form the framework for the analysis of citizen coproducers' identity. Empirically, this paper presents two case studies of social services in the European context. The results show that these citizen coproducers to a certain extent create a professional identity, tend to stay away from integrating accountability, and introduce elements of amateurism. The presence and guidance of public servants in coproduction can ensure accountability and streamline amateurism.