Fringe banking and financialization: Pawnbroking in pre‐famine and famine Ireland
研究了爱尔兰饥荒前和饥荒时期典当业在金融体系中的作用，发现典当行提供了比边缘银行市场其他机构更稳定的信贷流，尤其在饥荒期间。
Abstract Pawnbroking, one of the oldest and most accessible forms of credit, was a common feature of life in pre‐famine and famine Ireland. This article studies the role of pawnbroking in the Irish financial system during this important period, applying insights from modern studies on fringe banking. In the period under study, a formal tiered financial system existed; regulated joint‐stock banks offered services to industry and the better off, while fringe banks provided financial services largely, but not exclusively, to unbanked groups. The main findings are that pawnbrokers provided a steady source of credit throughout the island of Ireland and that this credit stream was more durable than that provided by alternative financial service providers in the fringe banking market, especially during the famine. Our findings suggest a nuanced interpretation is needed as we find strong interrelationships between the various financial service providers.