A Different Land of Opportunity: The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the Early Twentieth-Century United States
通过构建大规模历史链接样本，发现二十世纪初美国沿海和工业地区向上流动性更高，与当代中部地区流动性更高的格局相反，且这一发现不受数据链接缺陷或经济地位测量误差影响。
Has the geography of intergenerational mobility in the United States changed over time? Constructing a large historical linked sample, I show that upward mobility in the early twentieth century was greater for those who grew up in the coastal and industrial regions, in contrast to more recent times, where mobility is higher among persons who were raised in the middle of the country. The historical patterns are not driven by imperfections in record linkage or measurement error in economic status.