Emotional labor and employee outcomes: A meta‐analysis
这项元分析综合了175项研究的数据，发现情绪劳动对员工既可能有害也可能有益，具体取决于采用表面表演还是深层表演策略，且效果在集体主义与个人主义文化中存在差异。
Abstract While there is agreement among scholars that people‐work requires emotional labor, there is still some uncertainty about the consequences of emotional labor for employees. This article conducts a random‐effects meta‐analysis including 545 correlations across 175 primary studies to explore the relationship between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction. The meta‐analysis suggests that emotional labor can be both harmful and beneficial to employees, depending on the emotional labor strategy used, that is, surface acting or deep acting. In addition, the meta‐regression shows that effect sizes between emotional labor and employee outcomes (i.e., burnout and job satisfaction) differ in collectivist and individualist cultures. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for research and practice.