Risk, uncertainty and ambiguity amid Covid-19: A multi-national analysis of international travel intentions
研究将风险细分为一般、旅游领域和新冠疫情情境三个层面，并区分风险、不确定性与模糊性对国际旅游意向的影响，基于中国、美国、德国、英国和法国8962份样本发现，不确定性及模糊性不耐受反而促使人们更早而非推迟旅游计划。
This study analyses how Covid-19 shapes individuals' international tourism intentions in context of bounded rationality. It provides a novel analysis of risk which is disaggregated into tolerance/aversion of and competence to manage risks across three different aspects: general, domain (tourism) and situational (Covid-19). The impacts of risk are also differentiated from uncertainty and ambiguity. The empirical study is based on large samples (total = 8962) collected from the world's top five tourism source markets: China, USA, Germany, UK and France. Various risk factors show significant predictive powers of individual's intentions to defer international tourism plans amid Covid-19. Uncertainty and ambiguity intolerance is shown to lead to intentions to take holidays relatively sooner rather than delaying the holiday plans.