Toward a just energy transition: A distributional analysis of low-carbon policies in the USA
结合美国国家经济模型与家庭微观数据，评估不同碳定价及收入返还方案对效率和公平的影响，发现收入返还方案对效率影响有限但分配效应显著，政策制定者可兼顾公平与效率。
Distributional impacts of environmental policies have become an increasingly important consideration in policymaking. To evaluate the distributional impacts of carbon pricing with different revenue recycling schemes for the USA, we integrate national economic model for the USA with household microdata that provides consumption patterns and other socio-economic characteristics for thousands of households. Using this combined model, we explore the distributional impacts and the possible trade-offs between equity and efficiency of different revenue recycling schemes. We find that the choice of revenue recycling scheme has a limited effect on efficiency of the policy, but significant distributional impacts. Our analysis indicates that policy makers can mitigate negative distributional impacts with positive synergies on efficiency.