Starting Out on the Right Foot
利用意大利2012年学徒制改革，研究哪种合同能更好帮助30岁左右工人进入永久工作，发现受改革影响的工人获得永久合同概率提高约1个百分点，且36个月后仍在同一岗位的优势约5个百分点。
In the labor market, it is essential to establish which types of contracts provide the best stepping-stone into a permanent job. A unique setting generated by Italy’s 2012 apprenticeship reform presents us with an opportunity to study this issue. We compare workers treated by this reform to similar untreated individuals around 30 years of age, which is the upper limit for this training contract in Italy. Treated workers benefited from approximately a one percentage point increase in the probability of entering an open-ended contract. At 36 months from the treatment, their advantage of remaining in the same job was about five percentage points.